Cell Line
introduction
A cell line refers to a group of uniform cells that continuously grow and proliferate under laboratory conditions. These cells are typically derived from a primary culture and, after several passages, retain specific characteristics. Some cell lines can survive in culture for extended periods or even indefinitely.
Types of Cell Lines
Finite Cell Lines : These cells undergo a limited number of divisions before entering a state of cellular senescence.
Continuous Cell Lines : These are cells that have undergone genetic or natural mutations, allowing them to divide indefinitely (e.g., HeLa cells).
Applications of Cell Lines
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research
Drug Testing and Toxicology
Genetic Engineering and Production of Recombinant Proteins
Immunology and Cancer Studies
Examples of Notable Cell Lines
HeLa: The first and most famous cancer cell line, established in the 1950s (from patient Henrietta Lacks).
CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary): Used in the production of biopharmaceuticals.
HEK293 (Human Embryonic Kidney): Utilized in genetic and biotechnological studies.
MCF-7: A model for breast cancer studies.
These cells hold significant importance for biological research and are widely used in laboratories around the world.
Selecting Cell Lines
When choosing a cell line, several factors should be considered. Some of these are briefly described below:
Species:
Generally, non-human cell lines are less exposed to biological hazards and are therefore preferred. However, when comparing data with humans, species differences must be taken into account.
Mortal or Immortal Cells:
Culturing immortal cell lines is preferred due to their faster growth, ease of cloning, and higher yields. However, there is some uncertainty about whether immortal cell lines accurately represent normal cellular functions. Therefore, some researchers suggest using mortal cell lines, although this can be more challenging.
Normal or Transformed Cells:
Transformed cells are preferred because they are immortal and grow rapidly.
Availability:
Availability is also important. Sometimes, it may be necessary to establish a specific cell line in the laboratory.
Growth Characteristics:
The following growth parameters should be considered:
Doubling time of the population
Ability to grow in suspension
Saturation density (yield per flask)
Cloning efficiency
Stability:
The stability of the cell line is crucial, especially for cloning and producing sufficient stocks.
Phenotypic State:
It is important that cell lines contain cells with appropriate phenotypic expression