Immunophenotyping of Blood Cells
introduction:
Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is a laboratory method that detects the presence or absence of white blood cell (WBC) markers known as antigens. These antigens are protein structures found on or within WBCs. Specific groups of these antigens are typically present on the surface or within WBCs and are unique to particular cell types and stages of cellular maturation. Furthermore, distinct patterns of antigens are observed on abnormal cells seen in leukemias and lymphomas. Immunophenotyping via flow cytometry is valuable for aiding in the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and prognostication of these hematological malignancies. Leukemias and lymphomas arise from an abnormal white blood cell that begins to divide uncontrollably, producing multiple copies of itself (a clone).
Applications
The immunophenotyping method using flow cytometry is employed to assist in the diagnosis and classification of hematological cancers (leukemias and lymphomas), guiding their treatment, as well as monitoring complete blood counts (CBC) and differentiating WBCs to identify increased lymphocyte counts or the presence of immature blood cells or other abnormal cells.
More specifically, this method may also be utilized in the following contexts:
Predicting the rate of cancer progression
Anticipating the response to cancer treatment
Assessing treatment efficacy in leukemia or lymphoma
Evaluating the extent of residual disease post-treatment
Monitoring for disease recurrence after treatment