Cell Proliferation
introduction:
Cell proliferation is a process that results in an increase in the number of cells and is defined as a balancing factor between the rates of cell death and cell birth. For example, proliferation and cell division are increased in tumor cells. Therefore, it is crucial to utilize technology to prevent the onset of cancer. As we know, cells are the operational units in our bodies that can manage the functions of all unicellular and multicellular organisms. The processes of cell division and differentiation play a key role from the embryonic stage, aiding the development of an organism from one or two cells into a complete organism.
Mitosis is the primary means of cell division that creates a multicellular organism. In this division, somatic cells increase. Mitosis has a cycle composed of various phases, namely the G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and mitotic phase.
Cell Proliferation Important
Cell growth and proliferation are key processes in living organisms. Evaluating cell growth can provide valuable information about cell function and the effects of external factors on them. Some reasons for the importance of this test include:
Cancer Research: Examining the growth of cancer cells to understand disease mechanisms and evaluate treatment efficacy.
Pharmaceuticals: Assessing the impact of new drugs on cell proliferation.
Biotechnology: Optimizing cell production in culture environments for industrial and therapeutic applications.
Toxicology: Evaluating the effects of toxins and chemicals on cells.
Common Methods in Cell Growth Assessment Tests
1- MTT Assay
This method is based on the conversion of MTT (a yellow soluble dye) into formazan (an insoluble purple compound) by the metabolic enzymes of live cells.
Advantages: High sensitivity, suitable for assessing drug toxicity.
Disadvantages: Requires dissolution of formazan for optical density measurement.
2- XTT Assay
Similar to the MTT assay, but the produced formazan is water-soluble and does not require additional steps.
Advantages: Higher speed and accuracy.
3- BrdU Assay
This method involves labeling the DNA of proliferating cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU).
Advantages: Accurate assessment of DNA proliferation.
Disadvantages: Requires more complex procedures.
4- CFSE Staining
This method uses the fluorescent dye CFSE to track cell divisions.
Advantages: Allows tracking of multiple cycles of cell division.
Disadvantages: Requires flow cytometry equipment.
5- Cell Counting or Automated Counting
Direct counting of cells using a hemocytometer or automated devices.
Advantages: Simple and cost-effective.
Disadvantages: Lower accuracy compared to more advanced methods.