Advances in Genetic Engineering and DNA Amplification
Many genetic engineers today around the world have found treatments for numerous diseases through the production and amplification of DNA. This advancement has significantly improved various fields, including microbiology, forensics, identity verification, archaeology, interactive studies of organisms, and genetic diseases. Nowadays, through DNA production and amplification, they have been able to repair damaged tissues in living organisms and transplant lost organs in humans.
Methods of DNA Production and Amplification
In genetic laboratories, there are two main methods for DNA production and amplification:
Chemical Synthesis for DNA Amplification
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for DNA Amplification
Chemical Synthesis in DNA Amplification
The chemical synthesis method for DNA amplification was introduced by Kary Mullis. Due to its wide applications and numerous advantages, this method quickly expanded in the field of genetic engineering. It can be performed in all advanced laboratories using computers. Compared to previous methods, chemical synthesis does not require large amounts of DNA, as the ongoing advancements in genetic science and extensive research have led to the development of another effective and widely used method known as PCR, which is currently considered the most modern and efficient technique for DNA amplification.
PCR in DNA Amplification
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in genetics refers to the production of thousands of copies of a specific DNA segment. This method was first discovered by Kary Mullis, who won the Nobel Prize in 1993 for this remarkable discovery, bringing about a significant transformation in the field of genetic engineering. The method is based on the principles of DNA replication and is used for DNA amplification in various applications, including forensic identification, DNA processing, and stem cell production. PCR is highly sensitive and accurate, capable of determining an individual's identity from just a drop of blood. The PCR method for DNA production and amplification is consistent across all DNA samples. The medical field has utilized DNA amplification to provide diagnoses and treatments for many incurable diseases, with cancer and bone tissue repair being among the most significant.
